An Overview Of Servlets And JSP Technology Computer Science Essay

An Overview Of Servlets And JSP Technology Computer Science Essay JDBC is a front-end tool for connecting to a server and is similar to ODBC however, JDBC can connect only Java client and it uses ODBC for the connectivity. JDBC is essentially a low level application programming interface. It is called a low level API since any data manipulation, storage and retrieval has to be done by the program itself. Some tools that Provide a higher level of abstraction is expected shortly. The next question is why we need JDBC, once we have ODBC on hand. We can use the ODBC to connect to all the databases and ODBC is a proven technology. Problem for doing this is ODBC gives a C language API, which uses pointer extensively, since Java open JDBC to suit its needs. Jdbc Driver Tipes There are various types of driver, identified the sun such that each one has some unique features and facilitates a connection to the database. JDBC drivers fit into of four categories: The JDBC-ODBC bridge provides JDBC access via most ODBC drivers. Note that some ODBC binary code and in many cases database client code should be loaded on every client machine which uses this diver, so these types of drivers are more suitable in corporate networks, or for the applications in server code that is written in java 3-tier architecture. A local-API partly-java driver change JDBC calls to the client API for DBMS or oracle Sybase Informix DB2.since,like bridge driver these driver needs binary code be loaded on every client machine. A net protocol all java drivers explain JDBC calls into a DBMS-independent net protocol that transforms to a DBMS protocol through the server. This net server middleware is capable to join all java clients to different databases. The explicit protocol that is used depends on the seller. Commonly it is the easiest JDBC alternative. It is like the sellers for this solution may provide products that are suitable for the usage of intranet. To support internet access for these products they must need more extra requirements for security, access through firewalls, etc. many vendors are now adding up JDBC driver for their present database middleware products. A native protocol driver Jdbc Architecture JDBC architecture is as follows JDBC Driver Manager JDBC Diver JDBC-ODBC Bridge Application JDBC Driver Manager Function of the driver manager is to find out available driver in the system and connect the application to the appropriate database, whenever a connection is requested. However, to help the driver manager identify different types of drivers, each driver should be registered with the driver manager. JDBC Driver: Function of the JDBC driver is to accept the SQL calls from the application and convert them into native calls to the database,. However, in this process it may take help from some other drivers or even servers, which depends on the type of JDBC driver we are using. It also is possible that the total functionally of the database server could be built into the driver itself. JDBC ODBC Bridge: Sun soft provides a special JDBC Driver called JDBC-ODBC bridge which can be used to connect any existing database, that is ODBC complaint. Servlet and JSP technology has become the technology of choice for developing online stores, interactive Web applications, and other dynamic Web sites. Why? This chapter gives a high-level overview of the reasons for its popularity. Later chapters specific details on programming techniques. A Servlets Job Servlet or java programs which run on application servers, acts as middle layer among the requests coming from http Clients or web browsers and applications or database on the http server. Their work is to work on the following tasks. Reading the use full information that is sent by the client. The users generally enter this data in http from a web page. Even the data can also be expected to come from an applet or custom http client program. Chapter 4 discusses how servlet read this data. Reading HTTP requests sent by the browser. This single arrow shows that travelling from the client to the web server, but mainly they are two different types, the data which is entered by the user in a form and the other one is behind-the-scenes HTTP information, both of them are very important. The HTTP information which contain cookies, news about media and the schemes the browser can understand like compression. Getting the results. This process is needed for ,database to contact, to make an RMI or EJB call, to raise a web service or working on replied data which is in a relational database. But the database may not run on http or return results in html, so that the web browser cannot directly deal with the database. Even if it could, for security reasons, you probably would not want it to. This argument even can apply for other applications, so we need the middle layer to get the arriving data from http stream for the applications to insert the results in the document. . Sending the useful data to the clients: The document can send in different formats like (XML OR HTML), binary (GIF images), or in zip files that is layered on top of other underlying format. Though HTML is a common format, servlet /JSP task is to cover the results of HTML. Send the implicit HTTP response data. This explains about only an arrow leaving from the web middle layer (the servlet or JSP page) to the client. But there are two types of data sent the document alone and last the scenes HTTP information. But these two types can affect the development, by sending the HTTP data to the server or by setting cookies and caching parameter and others. Features of JSP JSP provides an attractive alternative to other dynamic scripting language by offering the following features: Platform independence: The use of adds versatility to a web application by enabling its execution on any computer. Enhanced performance: The compilation process in JSP produces faster results or output. Separation of logic from display: The use of JSP permits the HTML-specific static content and a mixture of HTML, Java, and JSP-specific dynamic content to be placed in separate fillies. Ease of administration The use of JSP eliminates the need for high-level technical expertise, thereby helping web developers, content creators, and content managers to work together and develop Java-based applications in less time and with less effort. Ease of use: All JSP applications run on major web server and operating systems, including Microsoft IIS, Netscape enterprise server, I Planet web server, and apache web server. These applications are available on Windows NT, windows 2000, and solaris7. Competing Products across Platforms: Competing products include active server pages (ASP), hypertext pre processor(PKP) and Java script. JSP versus ASP: ASP is the immediate competing technology from Microsoft. The dynamic content of JSP is written in Java, in contrast to that of ASP, which is written using an ASP-specific language, such as VBScript. As a result, complex applications can use the power of Java to result and embed Java components in JSP applications, second, JSP is portable to other operating systems and servers in contrast to the allegiance of ASP to windows NT/2000and IIS. JSP versus PHP: PHP is similar to ASP and JSP to a certain extent. PHP is a free, open-source, HTML-embedded, server-side scripting language, with basic HTML knowledge, however, a VBScript programmer can write ASP applications and a Java programmer can create JSP applications, whereas PHP requires learning an entirely new language, second by virtue if the power of Java, JSP has access to an extensive API for networking, database access, and objects distribution. JSP Objects its Scopes In JSP there are two types of objects. Implicit objects Explicit objects Implicit objects are automatically created. Explicit objects are created using actions. Whenever a request has been made for a JSP PAGE, JSP page will create two types of objects. They are: Implicit objects Explicit objects Implicit objects are automatically created by the JSP web developers can use this objects for their processing. Explicit objects are created thought actions. Scripting code is used to create these explicit objects. Every explicit object has some visible attribute. Scripting elements can access the explicit objects thought scripting-level variables. JSP defines several scopes for JSP objects. Objects Scopes: JSP defines several scopes for objects. Scopes are used to indicate the context in which the bean should be made available. Four types of scopes. They are: 1. Page 2. Request 3. Application 4. Session While process the request, the JSP page can create and /or the some Java objects. Scopes are used to indicate the context in which the dean should be made available in JSP there are four scopes are available. They are: Page: It is the default scopes for all the Java objects. It is used to indicate that the objects are only available on the current page. Once the response is sent back or the request is forwarded somewhere else all the object reference, which has the page scope, will be released object that contains Page scope is stored in the page Content object of the current page. Request: The request scope is used to indicate that the objects are only available for the current client request. If the request is forwarded to a resource in the same runtime, the Object is still available. Once the request is processed, all the object reference, which has the request scope, will be released. Objects that contain request scope will be released. Object references that contain request scope are stored in the request Object. Session: The session scope indicates that the available to all pages during the life of the current session. All references to the objects shall be released after the associated session ends. References to objects with session scope are stored in the session objects associated with the page activation. Application: The application scope indicates that it is available to all pages that share the same context object references which contain the application scope will be released when the runtime environment reclaims the servlet context objects references that contain the application scope are stored are stored in the application objects associated with the page activation. Directives And Actions: JSP elements can be directives or actions. Directives elements provide global information for the translation phase. Actions elements provide for the request-processing phase. New action can be created from the tag extension mechanism. JSP: Elements can be directives or actions. Directive elements are used to provide global information, which is not dependent for any specific received by the JSP page. For example directive elements can be used to include the external file inside the JSP PAGE. Action elements provide information, which is dependent on the details of the specific request received by the JSP page. Directive elements provide information for the compilation/translation phase. Action can create some objects and may make available to the scripting element. Action elements follow the syntax of XML elements. JSP contains a tag extension mechanism that enables the addition of new actions. Because of the mechanism JSP can b easily portable. Actions can be customized to provide access to the attribute values and to their body. Custom action be nested and their bodies can include scripting elements. ODBC: Two distinct ways to access ODBC data sources with DAO the Microsoft Jet database engine DBC direct Microsoft jet provides a broad range of functionality. It handles many of the details of establishing and managing connection, translating queries into a form acceptable to the server, and managing returned data in some cases, if you want to bypass the micro soft Jet database engine and use DAO to make calls directly to the ODBC driver manager. This functionality is available through ODBC Direct. The following steps offer a quick start to accessing ODBC data: Use the ODBC data source manager in the windows control panel to setup your ODBC data source and assign it a data Source name (DSN) In your Visual Basic code, set an ODBC connect string that references the data source. The connect string is used to establish a connection to the data source Create a new table def object and set its connect string to the value specified in step two. Append the table to the table defs collection Open a record-set object on the linked table. This record-set 7. Object contains data in your OBDC data source and you can manipulate it using the properties and methods of a record-set object.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez :: Spanish Essays

Nacio el 6 de marzo de 1928 en Aracataca, Columbia , en el hogar de Gabriel Eligio Garcia, telegrafista y de Luisa Santiaga Marquez Iguaran. Siendo muy nià ±o fue dejado al cuidado de sus abuelos maternos, el Coronel Nicolas Marquez Iguaran -su idolo de toda la vida- y Tranquilina Iguaran Cortes. El reconoce que su madre es quien descubre los personajes de sus novelas a traves de sus recuerdos. Por haber vivido retirado al comienzo de su padre, le fue difà ­cil tratarlo con confianza en la adolescencia; "nunca me sentia seguro frente a el, no sabia como complacerlo. El era de una seriedad que yo confundia con la incomprension", dice Garcia Marquez. En 1936, cuando murio su abuelo, fue enviado a estudiar a Barranquilla. En 1940, viajo a Zipaquira, donde fue becado para estudiar bachillerato. "Alli, como no tenà ­a suficiente dinero para perder ni suficiente billar para ganar, preferia quedarme en el cuarto encerrado, leyendo", comenta el Nobel. En 1946 termino b achillerato. Al aà ±o siguiente se matriculo en la Facultad de Ciencias Politicas de la Universidad Nacional y edito en diario "El Espectador" su cuento, "La primera designacion". En 1950, escribio una columna en el periodico "El Heraldo" de Barranquilla, bajo el seudà ³nimo de Septimus y en 1952, publico el capà ­tulo inicial de "La Hojarasca", su primera novela en ese diario, en el que colaboro desde 1956. En 1958, se caso con Mercedes Barcha. Tienen dos hijos, Rodrigo y Gonzalo. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, quien esta radicado en Ciudad de Mexico desde 1975, en una vieja casona restaurada por el mismo, es amigo cercano de inportantes personalidades mundiales, lo fue de Omar Torrijos y conserva fuertes lazos con Fidel Castro, Carlos Andres Perez, Francois Miterrand, los presidentes de Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia y otros muchos. El 11 de diciembre de 1982, despues de que por votacion unanime de los 18 miembros de la Academia Sueca, fue galardon ado con el Premio Nobel de Literatura por su obra. La vida y obra del Nobel Garcia Marquez ha sido reconocida publicamente: en 1961 recibio el Premio Esso, en 1977, fue homenajeado en el XIII Congreso Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana; en 1971, declarado "Doctor Honoris Causa" por la Universidad de Columbia, en Nueva York; en 1972, obtuvo el Premio Romulo Gallegos por su obra "La Candida Erendira y su abuela desalmada". En 1981, el gobierno frances le concedio la condecoracion "Legion de Honor" en el grado de Gran Comendador.

Commessay

Technology's Impact on Communication With new communication technology being introduced almost daily, the classical definition of how we communicate must constantly be redefined. Conversations now exist in a myriad of formats, most of which have only been around for the past 20 years. Faceable, Twitter, and various other current forms of social media now influence how we communicate. Modern technology offers a sterile virtual environment that lacks physical dimensions such as space and time.Modern immunization has progressed so much since the nineteenth century; we now question what Is real human interaction? Medal constantly evolves, which makes studying It difficult. Mass media greatly effects how we perceive other cultures, communities, and ourselves. The Invention of the telegraph, telephone, and radio transformed society In the 1 9th century. The Invention of the Internet changed how humans communicate forever. Unlike the others the Internet has become interwoven into our lives. The invention of smart phones and other Internet capable mobile devices ensures constant connectivity.We are now connected to Mass Media for the majority of our waking hours. News of earthquakes to wars around the world instantly zaps into our pockets regularly. Media directly influences how we create our own personal identity and how we perceive others. According to Michael Bugged author of Interpersonal Divide, media even shapes how we understand our own social identity. Constant connectivity gives us the freedom to control where we put our attention. People text and go on their emails during meetings. We use Faceable while out with friends.Now we create our own experience editing, deleting, and thus touching our thoughts and Ideas that we share. Faceable and Twitter offer us a perception of reality customized to our individual tastes and views. If we can live our lives only paying attention to what we chose to us will well miss something important? The novel Interpersonal Divide by Michael Bugged takes a critical analysis of how modern forms of technology have eroded our sense of community. Budge]a ask the question, â€Å"If electronic communication keeps us wired to the world.Why, then do so many feel displaced in the global village? Modern communication offers such a did array of conveniences, but distances us from our humanity. E. B White, of The New Yorker 1948: Television hangs on the questionable theory that whatever happens anywhere should be sensed everywhere. If everyone is going to be able to be see everything, In the long run all sights may lose whatever rarity value they once possessed, and It may well turn out that people, being able to see and hear practically everything, will be specially Interested In almost nothing. White 3) Mass media and its 24-hour news coverage perpetuate stories from around the world to its unman condition as portrayed by television. Bugged says overexposure to current forms of media may leave us unsympathetic or uni nterested in everything around us. We choose to spend more time with our electronic devices, and not with each other. Children say, â€Å"l love you† to there parents through text messages. Bugged believes modern forms of communication have not only changed society, but also us as individuals.The Internet offers us a way of customizing our experience in society, giving us the freedom to choose our interactions. He believes that humans seek acceptance and the Internet offers that. Without acceptance, we feel unloved. Without love we feel afraid. Lacking time, space, and form the Internet narrows perception and caters to our desires. Without the sense of community we feel unfulfilled we lose essential interpersonal communication skills. The real and virtually real blend so well that we cannot properly ascertain what is genuine from what is not.With all the technological advancements something as simple as tone cannot be properly communicated through cyberspace. In rigid text co nversation often the meaning of what we are trying to say to each other gets lost. Bugged believes cyberspace lacks authenticity, citing that private enterprise controls what we do and see. All technology in its infancy suffers from public ridicule and change. The biggest difference now is that change has happen in such short period of time. The printing press made millions literate, but put copy scribes out of business.The telegraph helped war become more strategic, but made war more violent. The radio made current events current to everyone, but instilled inherent fear into everyone. All these innovations came with great change to how we communicate. Today we can only speculate what negative changes the Internet will bring to society. We know the convenience the Internet brings, but what about the negative impacts? The Internet has changed the nature of entertainment, business, government, stock trading, and much more. 5000 years ago the invention of written language allowed peopl e to communicate, without needing to be face-to-face.Early Mesopotamia would scribe onto walls of caves messages to their counterparts, thus creating the first virtual reality. The printing press of the fifteenth century made it possible for hosannas of people receive the same information at the same time thus creating Mass Media. Telegraphs made direct communication possible at long distances, while telephones and radio let us communicate verbally. These technologies changed how society operated much like the invention of the Internet would in the twentieth century.Rapidly integrating into every facet of our lives the Internet has changed society faster then any of the other forms of media. Cyberspace offers us convenience and control like we've never experienced before. Being able to see your Ovid ones faces when you tell you are getting married, from 500 miles away now seems ordinary. The Internet allows us to get directions to a restaurant, check table availability, and the mana ger on staff all while brushing our teeth. We drive cars that now require Internet connectivity to function. We say things like â€Å"Google it† to prove our points in conversation.We even sleep with our mobile connected devices. People now sit in Social gatherings like Bars and parties in complete silence; we are now together yet alone. Joshua Moneywort, No Sense of place: The evolution of media has creased the significance of physical presence in the experience of people and physically present; one can communicate â€Å"directly' with others without meeting in the same place. As a result, the physical structures that once divided our society into many distinct spatial settings for interaction have been greatly reduced in social significance. Moneywort 2) With technology making virtual direct communication possible, interpersonal communication skills are needed more than ever. Often limiting non-verbal communications like touch, posture, and smell virtual immunization only offers a small percentage of the complexity of a face-to-face conversation. Large companies like Faceable and Apple continuously morph and change how they conduct business. Interpersonal contact is multidimensional; it exists in a specific time and place. Contact is the basic component of community in human relationships.The Internet alters our perception of the world and our place in it. We over indulge in technology isolating ourselves from humanity. As society grows and become more complex so must technology. We must ask the question of when does technology stop and society begin? Bugged says: The transformation of society from the real to the virtually real has been occurring since the nineteenth century, affecting how we perceive others and their cultures, communities, priorities, activities, and whereabouts. Bugged 1) The media offers a glance into other cultures and community virtual reality is not a new concept. What Bugged is trying to say is that now we are becoming satura ted with medias influence. Just about every facet of our lives now has some sort of device that offers some sort of prescribed convenience. Modern technology helps control our daily lives to an extent never thought possible. As a result, the way companies conduct their business has changed. New technology usually means a restructure in the labor force; the difference now is the speed in which it has happened.In 1994 roughly 3 million people, mostly Americans had Internet access, the fugue that increased to 26 million the next year roughly doubling every year after till the year 2000. Companies have downsized and implemented technology to replace its human workers. From automated call centers to online tech support, business has downplayed the importance of interpersonal costumer service. Not only is business lacking in human- to-human interaction, we are too. Small mobile devices like the phone can do everything, even tell you a Joke.Society has evolved quicker in the last 20 years than ever before. Over the past 10 years, studies of mobile communication has shown, those devices in our pockets, are so psychologically powerful that they don't only change what we do, they change who we are. Things we do now only a few years ago we would consider odd or strange, now seem familiar. We check our devices first thing the morning, before even saying hello to our loved ones. We have minor anxiety attacks when our phone battery dies. We take short breaks during social periods to check our Faceable and Twitter feeds.We feel it necessary to take pictures and update statuses of every waking minute of our lives. I share therefore I am. Technology has created an alternative society- one that is digital, a society where we can create our own persona and manage our identity. A world where we can control how our peers perceive us. Relationships are complex and varied, the Internet is linear and sterile; can it truly replace face-to-face interaction? We should not rely on Edie a nd technology to attain enduring relationships, which interactions and today pales in comparison to face-to-face communication.Technology can be the links through which we engage and befriend each other but to establish true relationships we must learn how to balance between the two societies. The classical definition of how we communicate has been redefined. Conversations now exist in a myriad of formats, most of which have only been around for the past 20 years. Current forms of social media now influence how we communicate. Modern technology offers a sterile virtual environment that lacks physical dimensions such as pace and time.Bugged calls attention to the problem that develops when we spend too much time in cyberspace rather than in real society. Constant connectivity gives us the freedom to control where we put our attention. The media and virtual communication shapes how we understand our own social identity. Overexposure to the media may leave unsympathetic or uninterested in everything around us. These days, those devises in our pockets are changing our minds and hearts offering us gratification. One, that we can put our attention wherever we want it to be; two, that e will always be heard; and three, that we will never have to be alone.

Racial Skepticism Is The Idea That Race, As A Biological

Racial skepticism is the idea that race, as a biological category, does not exist. Population-level genetic studies have established that race is not discernable as a biological category through genetic variation between races, as genetic variation is higher within folk racial groups than between them. Folk racial groups are categories used on Census forms, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). In â€Å"When Socially Determined Categories Make Biological Realties: Understanding Black/White Health Disparities in the U.S.,† Jonathan Michael Kaplan disagrees with racial skepticism. He argues that racial groups, in the United States, have important biological distinctions from each other in such a way†¦show more content†¦He also mentions that â€Å"[t]here is a profound difference in expected health between native-born African Americans in the United States and Black immigrants to the United States† (page #). This is important because it provides further evidence that biological differences between racial groups in the United States are caused by environmental stressors and are not rooted in the African biology of people. He uses his concept of race as a biological concept to explain why race is a medically useful category, even though it is not correlated with the presence or variation of specific alleles in populations. I agree with Kaplan’s argument for the influence of racism on allostatic load, and consequently on health. In other words, I agree that â€Å"[r]ace, as a social category, creates disease risks through racism.† However, I contend that racism’s effect on average health risk fails as proof for the existence of race as a biological category in the United States. I argue that although racism does create differences in health that may be organized by racial categories in the United States, it does not create biologically distinct groups. Rather, the common disease risk and health phenotypes that are different between racial factions of America n populations merely illustrate the effect of racism on health. Kaplan’s theory relies on differences in general health and disease prevalence between socially-determined races. For race to be aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Race and the Development of Anthropological Theory1856 Words   |  8 Pages Race is a social construct that has influence all aspects of the American world view and life. The idea of race was constructed in America to justify slavery of Africans, stealing from and killing Native Americans, and prejudice against immigrants. Boas was took a stand on this subject that was not in line with mainstream perceptions on the subject. Another differing view was Du Bois who had some similarities in view and differences from Boas. 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Land Title 1974, and Harper v. Blockbuster 1998 [hair length]; Booth et al. v. Maryland Dept. of Public Safety 2003 [dreadlocks]; Cloutier v. Costco 2004 [piercingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesgenerations to be among the processes that distinguish that era, not only from those proceeding it but from the rest of human history altogether. The essay by Gabrielle Hecht and Paul Edwards provides a nuanced interweaving of analyses of the nuclear arms race, debates over nuclear power as a major energy source, and the communications revolution made possible by computer technologies that did so much to shape the cold war standoff between the Soviet and American superpowers and the transition to a new

Neutralization Definition in Chemistry

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base which produces a more  neutral solution (closer to a  pH of 7). The final pH depends on the strength of the acid and base in the reaction. At the end of a neutralization reaction in water, no excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions remain. Neutralization Examples The classic example of a neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to yield a salt and water: acid base → salt water For example: HCl NaOH → NaCl H2O The right arrow indicates the reaction completes to form the product. While the classic example is valid, a more general expression based on Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory is: AH B → A BH For example: HSO4- OH- → SO42- H2O is also an example of a neutralization reaction. Strong vs Weak Acids and Bases While strong acids and strong bases completely dissociate, weak acids and bases only partially dissociate to form an equilibrium mixture. The neutralization remains incomplete. Thus, the right arrow is replaced by arrows pointing both toward products and reactants. An example of a neutralization with a weak acid and base would be: AH B â‡Å'  A- BH Source Steven S. Zumdahl (2009).  Chemical Principles  (6th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp.  319–324.

Social Studies Teachers Should Be Taught - 1042 Words

Controversy is everywhere, especially in social studies. Imagine trying to decide which issues to discuss and which issues to leave alone. This is what social studies teachers regularly face in their classrooms. Now the questions become how comfortable is a teacher when he or she must teach controversial issues and is teaching these issues important. A recent study explored this problem. This educational problem is important as students must learn how to handle controversial issues in a proper manner. After all, controversial issues are important and will always be present. The problem is that some social studies teachers do not teach controversial issues in a proper manner. This study focused on teacher perceptions of controversial issues as well as their preferences and attitudes about teaching controversial issues (Byford, Lennon, and Russell 166). Some teachers have issues with school and district policy, classroom management during the discussions, negative parental and communit y criticism, and personal discomfort with the issues. This impacts what their students learn. Students must be taught to stay open-minded during discussions and not become very argumentative. According to Soley, â€Å"discussing controversial issues can help students learn to deal with conflict and take on leadership roles.† (qtd. in Byford, Lennon, and Russell 166). In addition, discussing controversial issues â€Å"can teach them [students] to clarify and justify their opinions about social andShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Is Not Only A Problem That The English Teacher931 Words   |  4 PagesTimes are changing. Literacy is not only a problem that the English teacher has to deal with. Literacy is defined as the ability to read and write (Oxford Dictionaries). However, you have to use different skills to read a novel than you do with reading a science question. 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Organizational Communication - Culture - Responsibility & Ethics

Question: Discuss About The Communication Culture Responsibility Ethics? Answer: Introducation Vodafone is the greatest manufacturer of telecommunication gadget the company gives back to the society by participating in corporate social responsibility and other affairs. The company is trying their level best to preserve the environment by minimizing waste. Vodafone has a commitment to reuse the waste generated from their network operation. For office waste, the company carries out internal recycling of metals, papers, CDs, and toners among other waste products to ensure proper disposal and conservation of the environment (McWilliams, Siegel Wright, 2006). Also, the company is fastening and putting measures to reduce carbon footprints which can cause harm to the external environment. Vodafone has a long-term plan that by 2020 it should raise the number of recycled mobile phones to 300000 (Implementing Sustainability, 2010). Apart from recycling, Vodafone is encouraging mobile trade in such that old gadgets are brought for the exchange of new gadgets. This is an objective that is meant to reduce waste on our environment. Vodafone has a culture of volunteering and participates in fundraising. There are numerous events the company has dedicated their time and resources to facilitate the warfare of employees and those of other people. To mention a few examples among the many, in March 2005 Vodafone offered donated over 1000 hrs talk time to their employees. Also, Vodafone has participated and contributed more than $4000 from each employee to donate to charity programs like natural disasters and Drought run by UNICEF and Red cross. There is the challenge of handling cyber security and the negative impact brought about by mobile technology as well as environmental degradation issues. Vodafone counters the challenge by offering information that keeps the information of their clients protected both on while on mobile platforms and online platforms. Besides, the company offers a blacklist service to their customers to protect them from receiving unwanted messages both TXT and PXT (Livermore, 2010). Finally, the tool Vodafone guardian filters the messages and calls your child can receive. Also, the package offers a tracker to monitor the surfing behavior of the child. The benefit of the sustainable issue it that, the company complies with the human safety by testing the mobile devices before they are released to the marketing for purchase. Also, they keep on scrutinizing the scientific evidence to help the development team to meet the highest standards of the devices they generate. They are always on toes to ensure consumer safety is safeguarded. The company committed to tackling the issue by incorporating the manpower from scientific bodies to ensure the products they offer meet the threshold and the prescribed safety limits. Even though there are concerns about effects of mobile technology, Vodafone has always been at the frontline to respond to public grievances and offering reliable solutions and encouraging the practices to be embraced (Minor Morgan, 2011).Notably, the company is committed to complying with the laws set within the area where they operate. Also, Vodafone is taking a keen look at consumer safety, employee, and the external environment. Besides, the company has explicitly strived to communicate their achievements through the publishing of the annual report hence depicting transparency and openness in their operation. The company is concerned with addressing the issue of using mobile technology as well as phone masts. The company has hired a team of experts to research on the effects of using mobile technology and the possible measures to cap its effect on the users (Vodafone New Zealand Corporate Responsibility Report 2004 05, nod.). Also, the company cares about its customers by publishing a yearly report entailing their strategies to deal with emerging issues like environmental, social, and economic impact brought about as a result of their operation. The company deals with the complaints about mobile technology effects like mast by indulging and monitoring independent scientific research to prove the authenticity of the research as well as ensuring it meets the set standards. Thereafter, the relevant personnel updates the manufacturing team, especially the Group Electromagnetic Fields team that works to adjust accordingly in relation to the scientific report submitted. Also, Vodafone offers a mandate to Group EMF team to scrutinize the policies and practices on a quarterly basis. Updates are communicated to the team regarding the evidence of the scientific research whenever the changes to the policies are introduced. The notion that CSR increase profit is true based on the theories that are underpinned to the subject. As a result, most managers strive to gain public show by taking part in societal responsibility to show their willingness to generosity to serve the community. Even though the research is not scientific, based on the review of academic journals, we tend to ascribe that profit growth is directly proportional to the extent to which the company builds their brand and relationship with the external parties. Some theories that have emerged that emphasize the importance of CSR illustrates that CSR promote the public image of the company, that is, the company is able to market itself to those places those places it has manifested and those places they are yet to penetrate by showing participating in community-related activities. Once, the company has gained fame in new markets, through running or taking part in social responsibility the company is likely to increase sales volume. We assume that, whenever a company offers support to the community, the community will respond by purchasing the products of services offered by the same company. In another perspective, CSR boost employee loyalty hence more people are likely to be attracted to the firm. When the company is in a position to tap the best manpower, the performance and output will be definitely outstanding (Robins,2015). On the other end of the spectrum, when the company focuses on practices that reinforce sustainability, it is likely to cut down the operation cost because of embracing practices like the recycling of materials and using environment-friendly machines. The theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian contribute to the trail of undertaking ethical scrutiny and through these theories, we realize a sense of direction and how we should use them as hallmarks for ethical issues. The Utilitarianism theory regards those activities that are meant for communal purpose or of help to most people in the society has the best. The theory requires a person to pick a choice from a list that offers the maximum benefit (Kantian, 2010). Therefore, organization utilizes this theory because of they social responsibility services because they are aware the services benefit a large proportion of citizens regardless of the societal laws. However, rule utilitarian theory requires that the services be offered in a rightful and the most humane. On the other hand, Kantian ethics depicts that the result of an action does not have any correlation with the action of an evaluation. In this case, motivation is the determinant of the outcome. Immanuel Kant further argues that a logic and sense of consistency prompt the way we perform our duties. Therefore, there is an assumption that failure to use logic results is regarded immoral because a person will be prompted to embrace double standards while making a decision. The morality aspect in this theory requires that if humans want to be deemed as moral they have to follow the theory f categorical imperative (Bowie, 1998). For example, Vodafone applies the theory of utilitarianism because company`s CSR activities are meant to benefit the community. Probably, the management sticks to the notion that the benefits that are underpinned by giving back to the society outweigh the expense for facilitating CSR activities. Therefore, Vodafone takes a big picture of the outcome because they know through the program the returns will be awesome. Apple is one of the companies that has involved in a case of unethical issue. Last year in May, according to the report, Adrianne Moore the use of the Apple smartphone sued the company because of its attempt to block texts which were being received from other android devices from their market rivals like Samsung and Techno. The complainant sued the company for attempting to tweak the phone operating system to prevent texts coming from phones with the android operating system. Unfortunately, Apple duped the masses by giving petty excuses that the issue was a bug. After further investigation, the matter received public concern and Apple Company was unable to conceal the truth from its clients. The motive behind the act was that the company wanted or was trying to circumvent their clients from shifting to other rival companies which manufactured high-quality Android versions. I think Apple is a reputable company that would resolve this matter is an amicable way without raising alarm to the user. It was unethical to tweak their system to prevent users from chatting with their colleagues using Android devices. The company would have deployed a better competitive strategy to retain their customers. For instance, the company would have considered optimizing their operating system to supersede those of the competitors. References Bowie, N. E. (1998). A Kantian theory of meaningful work.Journal of Business Ethics,17(9), 1083-1092. Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L. J. (Eds.). (2008).Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. London: Routledge. Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication.International Journal of Management Reviews,12(1), 8-19. Ethical Theories | Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Natural law, Risk and Responsibility | My Business Tricks. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mybusinesstricks.com/2013/03/ethical-theories-utilitarianism-kantian.html Implementing Sustainability. (2010). doi:10.4324/9780203835142 Kantin, H. (2010). Is Evidence Knowledge?. Levermore, R.,(2010). CSR for development through sport: Examining its potential and limitations.Third world quarterly,31(2), pp.223-241. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications.Journal of management studies,43(1), 1-18. Minor, D., Morgan, J. (2011). CSR as reputation insurance: Primum non nocere.California Management Review,53(3), 40-59. Robins,R. (2015, May 15).Does Corporate Social Responsibility Increase Profits?. Vodafone New Zealand Corporate Responsibility Report 2004 05. (n.d.). What in the world have we done? Retrieved from https://www.vodafone.co.nz/cms/documents/cr-report-2004-2005.pdf